Black Power Studies

Divided Roughly by Theme or Topic:

Roots in the Eras of Slavery, Emancipation, and Segregation

1. Bates, Beth Tompkins. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

2. Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

3. Du Bois, W.E.B. The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. Philadelphia: Published for the University, 1899.

4. Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 2003.

5. Kelley, Blair Murphy. Right to Ride: Streetcar Boycotts and African American Citizenship in the Era of Plessy v. Ferguson. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

6. Kelley, Robin D G. Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015.

7. Kendi, Ibram X. Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. New York: Nation Books, 2017.

8. Lentz-Smith, Adriane. Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009.

9. Litwack, Leon F. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. 1st ed. New York: Knopf, 1998.

10. Luxenberg, Steve. Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America’s Journey from Slavery to Segregation. First edit. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019.

11. McMillen, Neil R. Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

12. Mendes, Gabriel N. Under the Strain of Color: Harlem’s Lafargue Clinic and the Promise of an Antiracist Psychiatry. Cornell Studies in the History of Psychiatry. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015.

13. Moye, J.T. Freedom Flyers: The Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

14. Ortiz, Paul. Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

15. Parker, Christopher S. Fighting for Democracy: Black Veterans and the Struggle Against White Supremacy in the Postwar South. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.

16. Rolinson, Mary G. Grassroots Garveyism - The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927. The University of North Carolina Press, 2012.

17. Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2017.

18. Shapiro, Herbert. White Violence and Black Response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.

19. Summers, Martin Anthony. Madness in the City of Magnificent Intentions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2019.

20. Trotter, Joe William. Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-45. Blacks in the New World. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.

21. Williams, Heather Andrea. Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill ; London: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

22. Wood, Peter. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Norton, 1996.

Women and the Black Freedom Struggle

1. Brown, Nadia. Sisters in the Statehouse: Black Women and Legislative Decision Making. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014.

2. Brown, Elsa Barkley. “Negotiating and Transforming the Public Sphere: African American Political Life in the Transition from Slavery to Freedom.” Public Culture 7, no. 1 (1994): 107-146.

3. Crawford, V L, J A Rouse, B Woods, Georgia State University. Division of Continuing Education, B Butler, and Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change Martin Luther King. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Black Women in United States History. Indiana University Press, 1993.

4. Gore, Dayo F., Jean Theoharis, and Komozi Woodward, eds. Want to Start a Revolution?: Radical Women in the Black Freedom Struggle. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2009.

5. Holsaert, Noonan. Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.

6. Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen. Abiding Courage: African American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

7. Wolcott, Victoria W. Remaking Respectability: African American Women in Interwar Detroit. Gender & American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

8. White, Deborah G. Ar’n’t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: Norton, 1985.

The Civil Rights Movement

1. Anderson, Carol. Eyes off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944-1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

2. Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Blacks in the New World. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

3. Eskew, Glenn T. But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

4. Honey, Michael K. Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007.

5. Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.

6. Lawson, Steven F. Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1968. Debating Twentieth-Century America. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

7. Morris, Aldon D. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press, 1986.

8. Norrell, Robert J. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee. 1st ed. New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House, 1985.

9. Payne, Charles M. I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley; London: University of California Press, 2007.

10. Rickford, Russell John. We Are an African People: Independent Education, Black Power, and the Radical Imagination. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

11. Theoharis, Jeanne. A More Beautiful and Terrible History: The Uses and Misuses of Civil Rights History. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 2018.

12. Hale, Jon N. The Freedom Schools: Student Activists in the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.

13. Southern, Nile, and Adam Cooper, eds. Chicago 1968: The Whole World Is Watching. Los Angeles: Hat & Beard, 2018.

The Black Power Movement

1. Allen, Robert L. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History. Anchor Books. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1969.

2. Cone, James H. Black Theology and Black Power. New York: Seabury Press, 1969.

3. Goldberg, David. Black Power at Work: Community Control, Affirmative Action, and the Construction Industry. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2010.

4. Heitner, Devorah. Black Power TV. Durham; London: Duke University Press, 2013.

5. Horne, Gerald. Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s. Carter G. Woodson Institute Series in Black Studies. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995.

6. Jackson, George. Blood in My Eye. Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press, 1990.

7. Joseph, Peniel E. Waiting ’Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2006.

8. Obadele, Imari Abubakari (Milton Henry). Free the Land!: The True Story of the Trials of the RNA 11 in Mississippi and the Continuing Struggle to Establish an Independent Black Nation In Five States of the Deep South. Washington, D.C.: House of Songhay, 1984.

9. Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbonna Green. Black Power: Radical Politics and African American Identity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019.

10. Smethurst, James Edward. The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

11. Deburg, William L Van. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

The Black Power and Civil Rights Movements

1. Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.

2. Cobb, Charles E. This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2014.

3. Countryman, Matthew J. Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

4. Frazier, Nishani. Harambee City: The Congress of Racial Equality in Cleveland and the Rise of Black Power Populism. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2017.

5. Hill, Lance E. The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

6. Hogan, Wesley C. Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC’s Dream for a New America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

7. Jeffries, Hasan Kwame. Bloody Lowndes: Civil Rights and Black Power in Alabama’s Black Belt. New York: New York University Press, 2009.

8. Marable, Manning. Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945-1982. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1984.

9. McGuire, Danielle L. At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance: A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power. 1st ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.

10. Plummer, Brenda Gayle. In Search of Power: African Americans in the Era of Decolonization, 1956-1974. Cambridge, [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

11. Theoharis, Jeanne F., and Komozi Woodard, eds. Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

12. Umoja, Akinyele O. We Will Shoot Back: Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2013.

The Carceral & Surveillance State:

1. Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press, 2010.

2. Berger, Dan. Captive Nation: Black Prison Organizing in the Civil Rights Era. Justice, Power, and Politics. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

3. Burrough, Bryan. Days of Rage: America’s Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

4. Carson, Clayborne. Malcom X: The FBI File. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1991.

5. Churchill, Ward. The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1990.

6. Corrigan, Lisa M. Prison Power: How Prison Influenced the Movement for Black Liberation. Race, Rhetoric, and Media Series. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2016.

7. Haas, Jeffrey. The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books, 2010.

8. Thompson, Heather Ann. Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy. New York: Pantheon Books, 2016.

The Black Panther Party

1. Alkebulan, Paul. Survival Pending Revolution: The History of the Black Panther Party. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007.

2. Austin, Curtis J. Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006.

3. Bell, Joyce Marie. The Black Power Movement and American Social Work. New York; Chichester, England: Columbia University Press, 2014.

4. Burke, Lucas N., and Judson L. Jeffries. The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016.

5. Cleaver, Kathleen, and George Katsiaficas. Liberation, Imagination, and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers and Their Legacy. New Political Science Reader Series. New York: Routledge, 2001.

6. Dyson, Omari. The Black Panther Party and Transformative Pedagogy: Place-Based Education in Philadelphia. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014.

7. Jones, Charles Earl. The Black Panther Party (Reconsidered). Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1998.

8. Nelson, Alondra. Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

9. Odinga, Sekou, Dhoruba Bin Wahad, Shaba Om, Jamal Joseph, Déqui Kioni-sadiki, Matt (Peace researcher) Meyer, Jamil Al-Amin, Mumia Abu-Jamal, and Kuwasi Balagoon. Look for Me in the Whirlwind: From the Panther 21 to 21st-Century Revolutions. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2017.

10. O’Reilly, Kenneth. Racial Matters: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972. New York : London: Free Press ; Collier Macmillan, 1989.

11. Rhodes, Jane. Framing the Black Panthers: The Spectacular Rise of a Black Power Icon. University of Illinois Press, 2017.

Black Studies, Origins and Theory

1. Anderson, Carol. White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2017.

2. Biondi, Martha. The Black Revolution on Campus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012.

3. Bradley, Stefan M. Upending the Ivory Tower: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Ivy League. New York: New York University Press, 2018.

4. Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.

5. Du Bois, W.E.B. The World and Africa: An Inquiry into the Part which Africa has Played in World History. New York: International Publishers, 2015 [1965, 1946].

6. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press, 1991.

7. Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

8. Karenga, Maulana. Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: The University of Sankore Press, 1993.

9. Kelley, Robin D G. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.

10. King, Martin Luther. Where Do We Go From Here? Chaos or Community? Boston: Beacon Press, 2010.

11. Rojas, Fabio. From Black Power to Black Studies: How a Radical Social Movement Became an Academic Discipline. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

12. Smith, Robert C. Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Now You See It, Now You Don’t. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

13. Wilderson II, Frank B. Afropessimism. New York: Liveright Publishing Company, 2020

14. Woodson, Carter Godwin. Carter G. Woodson: A Historical Reader. Crosscurrents in African American History ; v. 14. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.

15. Wright, Richard. Black Power: Three Books From Exile: Black Power, The Color Curtain, and White Man, Listen! Harper Perennial Modern Classics. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2008.

Biographies / Autobiographies

1. Brown, H. Rap. Die N* Die! New York: Dial Press, 1969.

2. Carmichael, Stokely, and Michael Thelwell. Ready for Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). New York: Scribner, 2003.

3. Clegg, Claude Andrew. The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad. University. Baltimore, Maryland: Project Muse, 2014.

4. Cone, J H. Martin & Malcolm & America: A Dream Or a Nightmare. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1991.

5. Davis, Angela Y, ed. If they Come in the Morning: Voice of Resistance. New York, NY: The Third Press, 1971.

6. Forman, James. The Making of Black Revolutionaries. Illustrate. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.

7. Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1986.

8. Hilliard, David, and Lewis Cole. This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 1993.

9. Jackson, George. Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books : Distributed by Independent Publishers Group, 1994.

10. Marable, Manning. Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking, 2011.

11. Mills, Kay. This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. New York, New York, U.S.A.: Published by Dutton, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc., 1993.

12. Newton, Huey P. Revolutionary Suicide. Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

13. Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Gender & American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

14. Robeson, Paul. Here I Stand. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958.

15. Sellers, Cleveland. The River of No Return: The Autobiography of a Black Militant and the Life and Death of SNCC,. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1973.

16. Tyson, Timothy B. The Blood of Emmett Till. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

17. Tyson, T. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

18. Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. New York: A.L. Burt, 1901.

19. Woodard, Komozi. A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

20. X, Malcom, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcom X. New York: Grove Press, 1965.

Books & Articles (Alphabetical)
Note: Bold titles cross listed

1. Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press, 2010.

2. Alkebulan, Paul. Survival Pending Revolution: The History of the Black Panther Party. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007.

3. Allen, Robert L. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History. Anchor Books. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1969.

4. Anderson, Carol. Eyes off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944-1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

5. Anderson, Carol. White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2017.

6. Austin, Curtis J. Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006.

7. Bates, Beth Tompkins. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

8. Bell, Joyce Marie. The Black Power Movement and American Social Work. New York; Chichester, England: Columbia University Press, 2014.

9. Berger, Dan. Captive Nation: Black Prison Organizing in the Civil Rights Era. Justice, Power, and Politics. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

10. Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

11. Biondi, Martha. The Black Revolution on Campus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012.

12. Bradley, Stefan M. Upending the Ivory Tower: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Ivy League. New York: New York University Press, 2018.

13. Brown, Elsa Barkley. “Negotiating and Transforming the Public Sphere: African American Political Life in the Transition from Slavery to Freedom.” Public Culture 7, no. 1 (1994): 107-146.

14. Brown, H. Rap. Die N* Die! New York: Dial Press, 1969.

15. Brown, Nadia. Sisters in the Statehouse: Black Women and Legislative Decision Making. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014.

16. Burke, Lucas N., and Judson L. Jeffries. The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016.

17. Burrough, Bryan. Days of Rage: America’s Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

18. Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.

19. Carmichael, Stokely, and Michael Thelwell. Ready for Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). New York: Scribner, 2003.

20. Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.

21. Carson, Clayborne. Malcom X: The FBI File. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1991.

22. Churchill, Ward. The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1990.

23. Cleaver, Kathleen, and George Katsiaficas. Liberation, Imagination, and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers and Their Legacy. New Political Science Reader Series. New York: Routledge, 2001.

24. Clegg, Claude Andrew. The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad. University. Baltimore, Maryland: Project Muse, 2014.

25. Cobb, Charles E. This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2014.

26. Cone, J H. Martin & Malcolm & America: A Dream Or a Nightmare. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1991.

27. Cone, James H. Black Theology and Black Power. New York: Seabury Press, 1969.

28. Corrigan, Lisa M. Prison Power: How Prison Influenced the Movement for Black Liberation. Race, Rhetoric, and Media Series. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2016.

29. Countryman, Matthew J. Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

30. Crawford, V L, J A Rouse, B Woods, Georgia State University. Division of Continuing Education, B Butler, and Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change Martin Luther King. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Black Women in United States History. Indiana University Press, 1993.

31. Davis, Angela Y, ed. If they Come in the Morning: Voice of Resistance. New York, NY: The Third Press, 1971.

32. Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Blacks in the New World. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

33. Du Bois, W.E.B. The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. Philadelphia: Published for the University, 1899.

34. Du Bois, W.E.B. The World and Africa: An Inquiry into the Part which Africa has Played in World History. New York: International Publishers, 2015 [1965, 1946].

35. Dyson, Omari. The Black Panther Party and Transformative Pedagogy: Place-Based Education in Philadelphia. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014.

36. Eskew, Glenn T. But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

37. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press, 1991.

38. Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

39. Forman, James. The Making of Black Revolutionaries. Illustrate. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.

40. Frazier, Nishani. Harambee City: The Congress of Racial Equality in Cleveland and the Rise of Black Power Populism. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2017.

41. Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1986.

42. Goldberg, David. Black Power at Work: Community Control, Affirmative Action, and the Construction Industry. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2010.

43. Gore, Dayo F., Jean Theoharis, and Komozi Woodward, eds. Want to Start a Revolution?: Radical Women in the Black Freedom Struggle. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2009.

44. Haas, Jeffrey. The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books, 2010.

45. Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 2003.

46. Hale, Jon N. The Freedom Schools: Student Activists in the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.

47. Hunger, Marcus Anthony, and Zandria F. Robinson. Chocolate Cities: The Black Map of American Life. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018.

48. Heitner, Devorah. Black Power TV. Durham; London: Duke University Press, 2013.

49. Hill, Lance E. The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

50. Hilliard, David, and Lewis Cole. This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 1993.

51. Hogan, Wesley C. Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC’s Dream for a New America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

52. Holsaert, Noonan. Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.

53. Honey, Michael K. Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007.

54. Horne, Gerald. Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s. Carter G. Woodson Institute Series in Black Studies. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995.

55. Jackson, George. Blood in My Eye. Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press, 1990.

56. Jackson, George. Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books : Distributed by Independent Publishers Group, 1994.

57. Jeffries, Hasan Kwame. Bloody Lowndes: Civil Rights and Black Power in Alabama’s Black Belt. New York: New York University Press, 2009.

58. Jones, Charles Earl. The Black Panther Party (Reconsidered). Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1998.

59. Joseph, Peniel E. Waiting ’Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2006.

60. Karenga, Maulana. Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: The University of Sankore Press, 1993.

61. Kelley, Blair Murphy. Right to Ride: Streetcar Boycotts and African American Citizenship in the Era of Plessy v. Ferguson. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

62. Kelley, Robin D G. Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015.

63. Kelley, Robin D G. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.

64. Kendi, Ibram X. Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. New York: Nation Books, 2017.

65. King, Martin Luther. Where Do We Go From Here? Chaos or Community? Boston: Beacon Press, 2010.

66. Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.

67. Lawson, Steven F. Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1968. Debating Twentieth-Century America. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

68. Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen. Abiding Courage: African American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

69. Lentz-Smith, Adriane. Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009.

70. Litwack, Leon F. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. 1st ed. New York: Knopf, 1998.

71. Luxenberg, Steve. Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America’s Journey from Slavery to Segregation. First edit. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019.

72. Marable, Manning. Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945-1982. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1984.

73. Marable, Manning. Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking, 2011.

74. McGuire, Danielle L. At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance: A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power. 1st ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.

75. McMillen, Neil R. Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

76. Mendes, Gabriel N. Under the Strain of Color: Harlem’s Lafargue Clinic and the Promise of an Antiracist Psychiatry. Cornell Studies in the History of Psychiatry. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015.

77. Mills, Kay. This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. New York, New York, U.S.A.: Published by Dutton, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc., 1993.

78. Morris, Aldon D. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press, 1986.

79. Moye, J.T. Freedom Flyers: The Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

80. Nelson, Alondra. Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

81. Newton, Huey P. Revolutionary Suicide. Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

82. Norrell, Robert J. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee. 1st ed. New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House, 1985.

83. O’Reilly, Kenneth. Racial Matters: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972. New York : London: Free Press ; Collier Macmillan, 1989.

84. Obadele, Imari Abubakari (Milton Henry). Free the Land!: The True Story of the Trials of the RNA 11 in Mississippi and the Continuing Struggle to Establish an Independent Black Nation In Five States of the Deep South. Washington, D.C.: House of Songhay, 1984.

85. Odinga, Sekou, Dhoruba Bin Wahad, Shaba Om, Jamal Joseph, Déqui Kioni-sadiki, Matt (Peace researcher) Meyer, Jamil Al-Amin, Mumia Abu-Jamal, and Kuwasi Balagoon. Look for Me in the Whirlwind: From the Panther 21 to 21st-Century Revolutions. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2017.

86. Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbonna Green. Black Power: Radical Politics and African American Identity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019.

87. Ortiz, Paul. Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

88. Parker, Christopher S. Fighting for Democracy: Black Veterans and the Struggle Against White Supremacy in the Postwar South. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.

89. Payne, Charles M. I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley; London: University of California Press, 2007.

90. Plummer, Brenda Gayle. In Search of Power: African Americans in the Era of Decolonization, 1956-1974. Cambridge, [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

91. Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Gender & American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

92. Rhodes, Jane. Framing the Black Panthers: The Spectacular Rise of a Black Power Icon. University of Illinois Press, 2017.

93. Rickford, Russell John. We Are an African People: Independent Education, Black Power, and the Radical Imagination. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

94. Robeson, Paul. Here I Stand. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958.

95. Rojas, Fabio. From Black Power to Black Studies: How a Radical Social Movement Became an Academic Discipline. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

96. Rolinson, Mary G. Grassroots Garveyism - The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927. The University of North Carolina Press, 2012.

97. Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2017.

98. Sellers, Cleveland. The River of No Return: The Autobiography of a Black Militant and the Life and Death of SNCC,. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1973.

99. Shapiro, Herbert. White Violence and Black Response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.

100. Smethurst, James Edward. The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

101. Smith, Robert C. Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Now You See It, Now You Don’t. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

102. Southern, Nile, and Adam Cooper, eds. Chicago 1968: The Whole World Is Watching. Los Angeles: Hat & Beard, 2018.

103. Summers, Martin Anthony. Madness in the City of Magnificent Intentions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2019.

104. Theoharis, Jeanne. A More Beautiful and Terrible History: The Uses and Misuses of Civil Rights History. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 2018.

105. Theoharis, Jeanne F., and Komozi Woodard, eds. Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

106. Thompson, Heather Ann. Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy. New York: Pantheon Books, 2016.

107. Trotter, Joe William. Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-45. Blacks in the New World. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.

108. Tyson, Timothy B. The Blood of Emmett Till. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

109. Tyson, T. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

110. Umoja, Akinyele O. We Will Shoot Back: Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2013.

111. Deburg, William L Van. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

112. Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. New York: A.L. Burt, 1901.

113. White, Deborah G. Ar’n’t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: Norton, 1985.

114. Wilderson II, Frank B. Afropessimism. New York: Liveright Publishing Company, 2020

115. Williams, Heather Andrea. Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture. Chapel Hill ; London: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

116. Wolcott, Victoria W. Remaking Respectability: African American Women in Interwar Detroit. Gender & American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

117. Wood, Peter. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Norton, 1996.

118. Woodard, Komozi. A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

119. Wright, Richard. Black Power: Three Books From Exile: Black Power, The Color Curtain, and White Man, Listen! Harper Perennial Modern Classics. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2008.

120. X, Malcom, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcom X. New York: Grove Press, 1965.